Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Culture of Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in Galactose Media Enhances Mitochondrial Plasticity and Changes Redox Sensing, Altering Nrf2 and FOXO3 Levels

doi: 10.3390/antiox13070873

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of glucose- or galactose-containing medium on mitochondrial dynamic and intercellular variability in BAEC (P4-6). ( A ) Representative image of immunofluorescence from Tomm22 (green) and DAPI (blue) in BAEC for 24 h; the white bars represent 50 μm. ( B ) Quantification of mitochondrial total for ( C ) Mitochondrial fission. Intercellular variability was performed by standard deviation for ( D ) mitochondrial total and ( E ) mitochondrial fission. Each independent experiment was performed using cells in the same cell passage exposed to glucose or galactose media. Data in graphs represent mean ± SEM (n = 4). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 indicates a statistical difference between the groups of glucose (Glu or dashed line) and galactose (Gal or black bars), # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 indicates time-dependent statistical difference between the responses to Glu and Gal by two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test.

Article Snippet: Tubulin was used as a loading control. α-OPA1 1:500 Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany Ref. HPA036926 α-Tomm22 1:2000 Atlas Antibodies, Bromma, Sweden Ref. HPA003037 α-PGC-1 α1:1000 Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Ref. 101707 α-Tubulin 1:1000 Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany Ref. 9026 Image analysis—ImageJ software was used for the analysis of areas, signals in an area, and cross-section signals from fluorescence and confocal microscopic images for Tomm22, Nrf2, FOXO3, and MitoSOX and from western blot bands for α-Tubulin, α-Tomm22, and α-OPA1.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Standard Deviation